2 Samuel 15:32

Authorized King James Version

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And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped God, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head:

Original Language Analysis

וַיְהִ֤י H1961
וַיְהִ֤י
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 1 of 18
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
דָוִד֙ And it came to pass that when David H1732
דָוִד֙ And it came to pass that when David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 2 of 18
david, the youngest son of jesse
בָּ֣א was come H935
בָּ֣א was come
Strong's: H935
Word #: 3 of 18
to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
עַד H5704
עַד
Strong's: H5704
Word #: 4 of 18
as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)
רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ to the top H7218
רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ to the top
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 5 of 18
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
אֲשֶֽׁר H834
אֲשֶֽׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה of the mount where he worshipped H7812
יִשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה of the mount where he worshipped
Strong's: H7812
Word #: 7 of 18
to depress, i.e., prostrate (especially reflexive, in homage to royalty or god)
שָׁ֖ם H8033
שָׁ֖ם
Strong's: H8033
Word #: 8 of 18
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים God H430
לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 9 of 18
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וְהִנֵּ֤ה H2009
וְהִנֵּ֤ה
Strong's: H2009
Word #: 10 of 18
lo!
לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ came to meet H7125
לִקְרָאתוֹ֙ came to meet
Strong's: H7125
Word #: 11 of 18
an encountering, accidental, friendly or hostile (also adverbially, opposite)
חוּשַׁ֣י behold Hushai H2365
חוּשַׁ֣י behold Hushai
Strong's: H2365
Word #: 12 of 18
chushai, an israelite
הָֽאַרְכִּ֔י the Archite H757
הָֽאַרְכִּ֔י the Archite
Strong's: H757
Word #: 13 of 18
an arkite or native of erek
קָר֙וּעַ֙ rent H7167
קָר֙וּעַ֙ rent
Strong's: H7167
Word #: 14 of 18
to rend, literally or figuratively (revile, paint the eyes, as if enlarging them)
כֻּתָּנְתּ֔וֹ him with his coat H3801
כֻּתָּנְתּ֔וֹ him with his coat
Strong's: H3801
Word #: 15 of 18
a shirt
וַֽאֲדָמָ֖ה and earth H127
וַֽאֲדָמָ֖ה and earth
Strong's: H127
Word #: 16 of 18
soil (from its general redness)
עַל H5921
עַל
Strong's: H5921
Word #: 17 of 18
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ to the top H7218
רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ to the top
Strong's: H7218
Word #: 18 of 18
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

Analysis & Commentary

And it came to pass, that when David was come to the top of the mount, where he worshipped God, behold, Hushai the Archite came to meet him with his coat rent, and earth upon his head:

This verse contributes to the narrative of Absalom's Rebellion, emphasizing betrayal, trusting God in exile. Absalom's conspiracy demonstrates calculating betrayal and political manipulation. David's flight from Jerusalem parallels later exile experiences, developing themes of trusting God during devastating reversals. The Hebrew emphasizes Absalom's patient, methodical undermining of David's authority. Cross-references to Psalms written during this period (Psalms 3, 63) reveal David's spiritual responses to political catastrophe.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 15 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding betrayal, trusting God in exile provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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